WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD? WHAT IS A THINK TANK?

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The Scientific Method (purdue.edu)

The Scientific Method What is the scientific method? The scientific method provides an organized way to think about and solve problems based on data. Most scientists describe it as the following steps: 1. State the problem. State the problem that you will study as clearly and concisely as possible. 2. Form the hypothesis. Describe what you think the result of your study will be. 3. Observe and experiment. Observe or set up an experiment to test your hypothesis. Tally your data. 4. Interpret data. Once you have collected your data, you must understand what it tells you. The data can be interpreted by comparing numbers visually and/or in graphic form. 5. Draw conclusions. Did your observations and/or experiments support your hypothesis? Was your hypothesis proved or disproved by your study? Did your results show a strong correlation? Were there things that could be changed to make a better experiment? Are there things that need to be studied further? What if the hypothesis is disproved? The scientific method requires that a hypothesis be ruled out or modified if its predictions are clearly and repeatedly incompatible with experimental tests. Hypotheses are subject to researcher bias and misinterpretation, but proper observation and experimentation minimize the risk of error. Beginning researchers make a few common mistakes. The most fundamental error is to mistake the hypothesis for an explanation of a phenomenon without performing experimental tests and following all the steps outlined above. Another is to ignore or rule out data that do not support the hypothesis. The failure to identify widespread numerical or logical errors is another mistake. What are the difference between a scientific hypothesis, theory, and law? A hypothesis refers to an educated or reasonable guess based on what can be observed or known. In other words, it’s a statement that can be tested and collaborated or disproved. A hypothesis can be further supported or disproven at any time with an experiment or a new observation. If the hypothesis is disproved, the researcher develops a new hypothesis that incorporates the new knowledge from the experiment. A hypothesis is generally based on previous experiments and answers a scientific question. Numerous scientists working on the same problem often test the same hypotheses, so sharing experimental methodology is extremely important. A theory refers a hypothesis that has been supported with repeated testing, generally by multiple scientists. A theory holds until there is evidence to dispute it. It is usually a general principle that was defined to explain a phenomenon and supported by repeated ID-507-W Climate Change The Scientific Method ID-507 Resources University of Rochester. Appendix E: introduction to scientific method. (Retrieved March 10, 2014 from http://teacher.nsrl.rochester.edu/phy_labs/appendixe/ appendixe.html) Fayetteville-Manlius High School. What are the differences between hypotheses, theories, and laws? (Retrieved March 10, 2014 http://www.fmschools.org/ highschool.cfm?subpage=3765) It is the policy of the Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service that all persons have equal opportunity and access to its educational programs, services, activities, and facilities without regard to race, religion, color, sex, age, national origin or ancestry, marital status, parental status, sexual orientation, disability or status as a veteran. Purdue University is an Affirmative Action institution. This material may be available in alternative formats. June 2017 Order or download materials from Purdue Extension • The Education Store www.edustore.purdue.edu